视图组件
1.基本视图
url(r'^publish/$', views.PublishView.as_view()),url(r'^publish/(?P\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view()),
class PublishSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=models.Publish fields='__all__'class PublishView(APIView): def get(self, request): publish_list = models.Publish.objects.all() bs = PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True) # 序列化数据 return Response(bs.data) def post(self, request): # 添加一条数据 print(request.data) bs=PublishSerializers(data=request.data) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() # 生成记录 return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors)class PublishDetailView(APIView): def get(self,request,pk): publish_obj=models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=PublishSerializers(publish_obj,many=False) return Response(bs.data) def put(self,request,pk): publish_obj = models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=PublishSerializers(data=request.data,instance=publish_obj) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() # update return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors) def delete(self,request,pk): models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete() return Response("") 2.mixin类和generice类编写视图
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin,ListModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixinfrom rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView # 注：使用mixin类时要继承GenericAPIView类class PublishView(ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView): queryset=models.Publish.objects.all() serializer_class=PublishSerializers def get(self, request): return self.list(request) def post(self, request): return self.create(request)class PublishDetailView(RetrieveModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,GenericAPIView): queryset=models.Publish.objects.all() serializer_class=PublishSerializers def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs) def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return self.update(request,*args,**kwargs) def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return self.destroy(request,*args,**kwargs)
3.使用generics 下ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIViewclass PublishView(ListCreateAPIView): queryset=models.Publish.objects.all() serializer_class=PublishSerializersclass PublishDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): queryset=models.Publish.objects.all() serializer_class=PublishSerializers
4.使用ModelViewSet
路由层：
url(r'^publish/$', views.PublishView.as_view({ 'get':'list','post':'create'})),url(r'^publish/(?P \d+)/$', views.PublishView.as_view({ 'get':'retrieve','put':'update','delete':'destroy'})), 视图层：
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSetclass PublishView(ModelViewSet): queryset=models.Publish.objects.all() serializer_class=PublishSerializers
5.ViewSetMixin的使用
#ViewSetMixin重写了as_view方法from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin class Publish(ViewSetMixin,APIView): def aa(self,request): return HttpResponse('aa') 路由层：
url(r'^test', views.Publish.as_view({ 'get':'aa'})) 认证组件
1.什么是认证？
校验是否是登录用户。只有认证通过的用户才能访问指定的url地址，比如：查询所有图书信息，需要登录之后才能查看，没有登录，就不能查看，这时就需要用到认证组件。
2.drf中是如何实现认证的（源码分析）？
#首先是执行APIView中的dispatch方法 --->执行self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs) --->self.perform_authentication(request) --->APIView的perform_authentication(request) --->request.user(request是新的request) --->去Request类中找user,执行--->self._authenticate()(self是新的reqeust对象)---->Request类的_authenticate(self)方法
3.使用认证功能
1.写一个类,MyAuthetication
2.写两个方法,一个是authenticate,一个是authenticate_header(继承BaseAuthentication类后，可以不用写)
3.在authenticate方法中写认证逻辑,认证通过,返回空,认证不通过,抛异常
class MyAuthetication(BaseAuthentication): def authenticate(self,request): token=request.GET.get('token') ret=models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first() if ret: return None else: raise AuthenticationFailed('您没有通过认证') def authenticate_header(self,request): pass 4.在要认证的视图类中：
class BooksView(APIView): authentication_classes = [MyAuthentication, ] def get(self, request): book_list = models.Book.objects.all() book_ser = BookSerialzers(instance=book_list, many=True) return Response(book_ser.data)
总结：局部使用，只需要在视图类中加入：
authentication_classes = [MyAuthentication, ]
4.全局使用
在settings.py文件中配置：
REST_FRAMEWORK={ "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.my_auth.MyAuthentication",]} 局部禁用：
在视图类中加入：
authentication_classes = []